Barium -138 lighter isotope and less abundant. Barium- 132 half -life thousand times greater than the age of the universe. Barium-130 undergo very slow reactive decay. Most stable isotope is Barium-133 with half- life of approximately 10.51 years. Isotopesīarium has about 50 known isotopes ranging from 114 to 153. Skin contact with barium can also lead to toxicity. In most cases, barium toxicity is an occupational hazard and the most severe health risk arise upon inhalation of vapors of barium carbonate and barium sulphate. When exposed to barium-contaminated water, a person can experience shallow breathing, increased blood pressures, irritation in stomach, weakness in muscles, changes in nerve reflexes, swelling of brains and liver, kidney. The intake of barium that are water-soluble may cause paralyses and in rare cases can also lead to death. The health effects of barium are due to its water-solubility and water-soluble barium compounds can be harmful to human health. Barium is used as marker fluid for visualization of intestine in X-ray diagnostic test termed as barium enema.Barium nitrate is used to impart green colors in fireworks. Barium carbonate used in the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide.Barium oxide used to remove water from solvents.Barium carbonate used in past as rat poison.Improve physical properties of some polymer such as epoxies.Barium is used as paper coating pigment.Used in paints and varnishes as a filler.Barium is used in making drilling mud, that is efficiently used in drilling through rocks.It is used in making fluorescent lamps.It is widely used in making barium-nickel alloys in spark-plug electrodes.Barium sulfate is important in petroleum industry as drilling fluids in oil and gas wells.Used to remove unwanted gases from vacuum tubes such as TV pictures tubes.Volatile barium compound burns with a green to pale green flame. Barium hydroxide unlike calcium hydroxide absorbs little CO 2 in aqueous solution insensitive to atmospheric fluctuation. They are denser than strontium or calcium analogs except for halides. Compoundsīarium salts are white when solids and colorless when dissolved. When reacted with non-metals barium form poisonous compounds. Barium combines with metals such as aluminum, zinc, lead and zinc forming alloys. Barium reacts with ammonia form complexes such as Ba (NH 3) 6. In alkaline family radium is more reactive. It is so reactive that it must be stored under kerosene, petroleum, or some other oily liquid to prevent it from reacting with oxygen and moisture in the air. It combines easily with oxygen, the halogens, and other non-metals also reacts with water and most acids. Reaction with chalcogens are highly exothermic. Chemical propertiesīarium chemically resembles, magnesium calcium and strontium but is more reactive. The atomic number of barium is 56 and atomic weight of 137.327 and belong to Group 2 periodic table. Barium has specific weight and good electrical conductivity. When heated, barium compounds give off a pale yellow-green flame. Its density is 3.6 grams per cubic centimeter. It has a melting point of about 725☌ and a boiling point of about 1,640☌. It is comparatively dense and reactive alkaline earth metal. Pure barium is a silvery-white shiny malleable metal. The major ore of barium that are widely used for the extraction of barium is barite. Such activities include mining, oil combustion and coal combustion. Various anthropogenic activities have led to increased concentration of barium in the environment, including soil, water and air. The barium mineral benitoite, occurs as a very rare blue fluorescent gemstone, and is considered as the official gem stone of California. High amounts of barium are also found in soils and in plants, fish, seaweeds, and in nuts . The world’s major sources of barium ores are UK, China, Czech Republic, India, Morocco, the United States, Turkey, and Italy. Witherite ore containing barium carbonate BaCO 3. The most common source of barium is barite and witherite. in nature, barium mostly occurs in combination with sulfur, oxygen and carbon. Barium Periodic Table Classificationīarium is 14 th most abundant element in earth crust. The name barium have been derived from the Greek word barys that mean heavy. Barium was identified as a new element in 1774 but not isolated in its pure form via electrolysis in 1808. In 1600, Vincenzo Casciarolo found unusual pebbles that were when exposed to heat would shine during night, named barite (Barium Sulfate BaSO 4). Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element Discovery and History It is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.
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